1. Petroleum Assay Data

Petroleum assay data is derived from a microscopic analysis of crude oil samples. This examination can provide valuable information regarding the quantity and identity of various elements present such as; carbon, hydrogen, sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen and mercury. This data will help to determine the boiling point range, flash point and softening point of an element in the sample. Compounds present in petroleum analysys are analysed using state-of-the-art instruments available for petroleum testing laboratories.There are different types of assays that can be conducted: chemical analysis, physical analysis, and an assay with both chemical and physical properties. This is more like a refinery process for petroleum. It is also used in examining bitumen or heavy oils as well. Assay data provides more accurate values for the computer aided design process of producing refineries and processing plants.Petroleum assay is done in an oil laboratory and they produce the results of petroleum testing that vary from one location to another. Petroleum is a natural product created billions of years ago by Earth. It easily catches fire because it burns when mixtures with oxygen, nitrogen or carbon dioxide and produces smoke-grayish gas.Assay data is also used when watching over oil reservoirs. During the production stage, there are its own forms of assay data. This will help petroleum industry experts to get a feel of how much oil reserve is left in any given reservoir. There are two main forms of assay data used for this purpose, namely, core and cuttings.The period of time in which an assayer is able to examine petroleum depends on many factors. The most prominent factor is laboratory capacity, as well as how much the samples are needed by the refinery. Refineries need a variety of crude assay results for their product pipeline, some of which include:. 2. Clinical Data. The clinical data of the petroleum product is set during this process. This is one of the most crucial steps in the petroleum assay. As such, it should be dissected with the upmost level of expertise and judgment.

2. Detailed Hydrocarbon Analysis

DHA is a refining and distribution technique that uses refractive index (RI) as a test method because it offers accurate and comprehensive molecular composition data. RI values are used to determine the specific gravity (density) of petroleum products. This test procedure is known as detailed hydrocarbon analysis because of the presence of distinctive carbon chains in the composition of asphalt fuels/products, or petroleum fuels/products.DHA is a component of petroleum by analyzing its molecular structure. This way, it can be determined if the product is not only contaminated but also exactly where the contamination is coming from. According to the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), “DHA is an analytical technique used in petroleum analysis for the physical, chemical, and elemental determination of petroleum products” [1].DHA is a true representation of the molecular composition of any hydrocarbon found in petroleum-related products. This procedure uses the newest gas chromatography technology, more commonly known as GC. Any product that is tested for use in industrial equipment and automobiles must be DHA-qualified to ensure complete safety and protection from hazards that impact on human life.DHA is typically used by petroleum laboratories to examine the differences between samples taken from a given petroleum sample as well as to identify any impurities or chemical changes within the petroleum product. In this instance, DHA analysis allows for the testing of structural components of hydrocarbons called aliphatic compounds and aromatic components.Detailed hydrocarbon analysis reports include data on the molecular structure of petroleum. It is composed of the elements carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen and is used as a fuel in automobiles. Petroleum products include petroleum gases, distillate fuels, residual fuels, lubricants, bitumens, waxes and solvents.Visually, passing the DHA test lets you know whether residue is present in a petroleum-based product. The absence of residue, or heavy hydrocarbons, is a good indication that the petroleum product in question is clean and will not ignite spontaneously when exposed to flame.

3. Identification Of Component Materials

The type of identification test carried out depends on the types of components to be identified. For instance, if you want to know what an element added to petroleum is, a combustion test may be applied. In case you are dealing with contaminated petroleum samples, an identification test like the fusion point or fire assay may be used. If by any chance you are trying to identify radionuclides present in petroleum samples, radio molybdenum test will be appropriate for your situation.Identity test is performed by looking at the ‘particle shape’ of the sample taken. Petroleum is composed of a wide range of compound materials including hydrocarbon, paraffin, naphthenic and urbanite. These compounds are classified into asphaltene (soluble in carbon tetrachloride), straight chain and branched chain (soluble in carbon disulfide), cyclo-aliphatic (soluble in aliphatic solvents) and aromatic (soluble in aromatic solvents).The identification of components is also done in petroleum. Identification of all the components present in petroleum is very important for petroleum analysis. This will help in removing the unappreciated components from that particular mineral. There are different ways to identify the components present in a sample like gas chromatography, high-performance liquid chromatography, and infrared spectroscopy.The analysis of the components in gasoline, kerosene and gasolene is carried out both during gasoline production and refinery operations to identify any additional component which is not intentionally present. It is also used to ensure that there is no contamination of any of the hydrocarbon fractions.

4. Gas Chromatography Analysis

For the last ten years we have seen a huge rise in demand for the Natural Gas frequently found in petroleum. This has pushed the price up and while the cost of drilling has gone down, there is still a big discrepancy in profits. For example if you are extracting 15,000 barrels of natural gas and each barrel is worth $90 then that is a $1,350,000 profit. However if you are only extracting 10,000 barrels of natural gas then thats only $900,000 which is not as good as the first example by far. With those kinds of numbers it makes sense that companies would want to know where they are losing profit on a per well basis. With Gas Chromatography we can tell them exactly that, its possible to. Most of us have heard the term gas chromatography and know it has something to do with separating and identifying chemicals at the molecular level. But how is it done, really? Gas chromatography is a technique used to separate petroleum liquids, or blends of liquids, into their individual components for critical analyses through different columns (i.e. capillary columns) filled with varying amounts of materials such as silica. Chromatography is used in conjunction with many other analytical techniques to identify chemical components of petroleum, including: FT-IR spectroscopy, spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, near infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction.Gas chromatography is a technique used in analytical chemistry for separating a mixture of chemical compounds into its individual components. It can be used to identify various types of samples as well as to determine their purity and composition. The resulting separation is achieved by selective adsorption onto a solid or liquid stationary phase material followed by the transfer of the material onto a detector component using the mobile phase”.GC analysis is one of the best known techniques for analyzing hydrocarbon mixtures. Gas chromatography is a versatile analytical technique used to separate complex mixtures of organic compounds into their individual compounds. There are several variations of gas chromatography which involve the use of different columns, different mechanisms for the separation, and different detector instruments to measure the individual components.Gas Chromatography (GC) is an analytical chemistry technique used to separate mixtures based on the polarity of the molecules. Given its ability to analyze very complex petroleum mixtures by separating each component, GC has been widely used in modern petroleum refining for many years to determine the chemical composition and purity of petroleum.Gas chromatography analysis does exactly what is sounds like. It separates one or more hydrocarbon mixtures into their individual components for further analysis. In this tool review we will be looking at the principles behind gas chromatography and the instrumentation of a typical gas chromatograph.

5. Chemical Composition Test

As it is, petroleum is a complex mixture of hydrocarbon compounds. It is an essential form of energy for the functioning of society, and most importantly, is required for the production of fuel and energy. Petroleum can be used as a lubricant, can be made into plastic through synthesis with other chemicals, or if processed well, can even be converted to diesel fuel. If this test were to be performed on a sample in a lab, a variety of instruments will be made use of by the chemical technicians.The chemical analysis is an important test to certify the purity of petroleum.  The sample is taken from a large bulk and sent to the lab. The petroleum composition test checks for the presence of impurities, types of impurities, purity levels, and finally classifies petroleum into different grades such as light distillates, heavy fuel oil, lubricating oils etc.The objective of the chemical composition test is to produce the two dimensional gas chromatogram. The layers of a sample are separated using the chromatography process. This will promote better separation between petroleum and other chemical components like absorption, interferences, and noise samples during formation of the chromatograph.The chemical analysis of petroleum helps in determining its contents and states the amounts of foreign matter present in the oil. The test results give the producer, refiner or end user information on what type of equipment they will need to use.It is essential to regularly check the chemical composition of the petroleum products being extracted from the earth in order to meet the standards set by authorized professionals.

Conclusion

Petroleum analysis is an indispensable part of the petroleum industry. In an industry which is characterized by high pressure and extreme conditions, thorough testing and safety procedures should be implemented to sustain the resources. The test methods explained in the article for the testing of fluids at high or low pressure levels give us a clear idea about the procedures to be followed. The tests are carried out for determining specific gravity, permeability, density, specific heat and so on. However, it is necessary that adequate safety measures like precautions in case of a violent explosion and setup with personnel trained to handle violent eventualities etc. are taken care of before conducting any experiment. All these test methods are significant towards achieving more sustainable development in the long run. Petroleum analysis is very important in the petroleum industry, as this is the only way to determine the quality of oil that remains. This will ultimately aid the oil industries and also the clients using this oil, thus ensuring a long-term solution. Petroleum analysis provides many details about commodity oil, from simple properties such as density and temperature, to more detailed properties such as API gravity and salt content. This ensures that the oil that will be delivered to clients has been effectively tested and is in good condition.Petroleum product quality encompasses different factors and the most important factor is that it should be safe for human consumption. This is because petroleum products are transported to all corners of earth and they are used in everyday routine without giving a second thought to its ultimate source or its quality. Oil also affects the environment since if a spill occurs, this could cause serious damage. The injuries could be minimized by undertaking proper petroleum analysis when it enters into our ecosystem.Petroleum Analysis is the base for any petroleum product and would determine its quality. With the use of advanced techniques, it would provide with a strong base and an excellent quality to consider. Use of new methods such as Gas Chromatography can be implemented for better management of assets.